How to become a wildland firefighter

How to become a Wildland Firefighter

Becoming a wildland firefighter typically involves a combination of education, training, physical fitness, and experience. Here are some general steps that make up the pathway to the career:

Research the Requirements
Begin by researching the specific requirements and qualifications for wildland firefighting in your country or region. Different countries may have varying prerequisites, such as age restrictions, educational qualifications, or physical fitness standards. Familiarize yourself with these requirements to understand the path ahead.

Obtain a High School Diploma or Equivalent
Most wildland firefighting agencies require a high school diploma or an equivalent qualification. Focus on completing your secondary education or obtaining a General Education Development (GED) certificate if you haven't finished high school.

Gain Outdoor Experience
Developing experience in outdoor activities can be beneficial for a career in wildland firefighting. Engage in outdoor pursuits, such as hiking, camping, or participating in conservation or forestry programs. This will help you build stamina, develop navigation skills, and gain familiarity with wilderness environments.

Physical Fitness Preparation
Wildland firefighting demands a high level of physical fitness. Start a regular fitness routine that includes cardiovascular exercises, strength training, and endurance activities to prepare your body for the physical demands of the job. Consider consulting a fitness professional to design a fitness program tailored to your needs.

Obtain Basic First Aid and CPR Certification
Acquiring certification in basic first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is often a requirement for wildland firefighting. Enroll in a recognized training course to obtain these certifications, as they are essential for responding to medical emergencies on the fire line.

Enroll in Firefighter Training Program
Look for accredited fire academies or training centers that offer programs specifically for wildland firefighting. These programs provide comprehensive training on fire behavior, safety protocols, fire suppression techniques, and the use of firefighting equipment. Some agencies may also provide their own training programs.

Obtain Required Certifications
Wildland firefighting often requires specific certifications, which demonstrate proficiency and readiness to work in wildfire suppression operations. Check with your local fire agency or training institution to understand the certifications required in your area. Here is an overview of certifications commonly pursued by wildland firefighters:

Incident Qualification System (IQS) Qualifications – The Incident Qualification System (IQS) is a standardized system used to qualify and categorize firefighters based on their skills, training, and experience. IQS qualifications, often referred to as ‘red cards,’ indicate a firefighter's readiness to perform specific roles and functions in incident management. Examples of IQS qualifications include:

• Firefighter Type 1 (FFT1)
• Firefighter Type 2 (FFT2)
• Crew Boss (CRWB)
• Incident Commander Type 5 (ICT5)
• Incident Commander Type 4 (ICT4)
• And many more, covering various positions and levels of responsibility

National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) Certifications – The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) is an interagency organization in the United States responsible for developing wildland firefighting standards, training, and qualifications. NWCG offers a range of certifications that demonstrate proficiency in specific wildland firefighting skills and roles. Some common NWCG certifications include:

• S-130/S-190 – Basic Wildland Firefighter Training
• S-131 – Firefighter Type 1 Training
• S-212 – Wildland Fire Chainsaws
• S-215 – Fire Operations in the Wildland/Urban Interface
• S-290 – Intermediate Wildland Fire Behavior

Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Certifications – Due to the potential presence of hazardous materials in wildfire incidents, wildland firefighters may also pursue HAZMAT certifications to handle hazardous substances safely. These certifications cover topics such as identifying hazardous materials, implementing safety protocols, and mitigating environmental risks.

Seek Seasonal Employment or Volunteer Opportunities
Many aspiring wildland firefighters start by gaining experience through seasonal employment or volunteering with fire management agencies. Look for opportunities to work as a seasonal firefighter or assist with prescribed burns, trail maintenance, or other fire-related projects. This hands-on experience will enhance your knowledge, skills, and chances of being hired fulltime.

Maintain Physical Fitness and Skills
Wildland firefighting is a physically demanding profession. Continuously maintain your physical fitness and regularly practice the skills you have learned. Stay updated on the latest safety practices and firefighting techniques through ongoing training and professional development opportunities.

Apply for Positions and Pursue Advancement
Once you have met the necessary qualifications and gained experience, actively seek employment opportunities with government agencies, fire management contractors, or other organizations involved in wildland firefighting. As you gain experience and certifications, you can aim for more advanced positions, such as crew leader, engine boss, or incident commander.

It is important to note that specific steps and requirements may vary depending on your location and the agency for which you wish to work. It is essential to research and connect with local fire management agencies or training institutions for the most accurate and up-to-date information on becoming a wildland firefighter in your area.

Consider Earning a College Degree
While a college degree is often not a requirement for wildland firefighting, having an associate or bachelor's degree in a related discipline can be beneficial. Common degree options include fire science, forestry, or natural resource management. A degree can provide a broader understanding of fire behavior, ecology, and land management principles, which can be valuable in advancing your career or pursuing specialized roles.

Professional Organizations
Here is a snapshot of several professional organizations and associations that are dedicated to wildland firefighters, providing support, resources, training, and networking opportunities:

• National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) – As noted above, the NWCG focuses on standards, training, and qualifications in wildland fire management.
• International Association of Wildland Fire (IAWF) – The IAWF is a global organization that brings together professionals involved in wildland fire management, including firefighters, researchers, educators, and managers. The association provides a forum for exchanging knowledge, promoting best practices, and fostering collaboration in the field of wildland fire management.
• Wildland Firefighter Foundation (WFF) – The WFF is a non-profit organization that supports wildland firefighters and their families. It offers assistance in times of injury, illness, or death, and provides resources for mental health support, scholarships, and educational programs.
• Wildland Firefighters Association (WFA) – The WFA is an organization dedicated to representing the interests of wildland firefighters in the United States. It advocates for better working conditions, improved safety standards, and fair compensation for firefighters.
• State and Regional Associations – Many states and regions have their own associations or firefighter unions that specifically cater to wildland firefighters. These associations provide localized support, representation, and advocacy for firefighters working in those areas. Examples include the California State Firefighters' Association (CSFA) and the Colorado State Fire Chiefs Association (CSFCA).