How to become a government accountant

How to become a Government Accountant

Becoming a government accountant involves a combination of education, professional certification, and relevant work experience. Here is an overview of the pathway to the career:

High School Diploma
Complete your high school education or an equivalent qualification. Focus on subjects like mathematics and computer science, as they provide a foundation for understanding the principles of financial accounting. Classes in English and English composition are key to begin building communication skills, which are also important, as government accountants often present findings to non-accountants, including government officials and lawyers.

Bachelor’s Degree
The basic requirement to work in government accounting is a bachelor’s degree, usually in accounting, finance, or a related field. Some positions may accept degrees in business administration, public administration, or economics, provided the coursework includes a strong emphasis on accounting and finance.

Courses in financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, taxation, and business law are particularly valuable, as are government-specific accounting courses, if available.

Specialized Knowledge and Skills
Understanding of governmental accounting standards and practices, such as Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) as applied to the public sector, Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) guidelines, or International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), is crucial.

Internships
Participate in internships or co-op programs with government agencies, public accounting firms, or non-profit organizations. These experiences provide practical knowledge and can help build professional networks.

Applying for Government Positions
Look for job openings on government job boards, such as USAJOBS for federal positions or state and local government websites. Networking with professionals in the field and joining relevant professional associations can also be helpful.

Government job applications often require detailed resumes, cover letters, and responses to specific questions about your qualifications. Tailor your application materials to highlight relevant experience and certifications.

Entry-level Positions
Start with entry-level positions in accounting or finance, such as a junior accountant or financial analyst, to gain hands-on experience.

Advancement Opportunities
As you gain experience, seek opportunities for advancement into higher-level positions such as senior accountant, financial manager, or auditor.

Master’s Degree (Optional but Beneficial)
While not always required, a master’s degree in accounting, public administration, business administration (MBA), or a related field can enhance qualifications and improve prospects for advancement. Some specialized roles, such as those involving complex financial analysis or policy development, may prefer candidates with an advanced degree.

For those interested in the policy or administrative aspects of government work, a master's degree in public administration (MPA) or public policy (MPP) can be advantageous.

Professional Certifications and Organizations
There are several certifications designed specifically for government accountants, as well as general accounting certifications that can be valuable in government roles. Here is a summary of the most prominent ones:

• Certified Public Accountant (CPA) – Many government accountant positions, especially at the federal level, require CPA certification. The CPA exam covers topics like auditing, financial accounting, and taxation.
• American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) – While not specific to government accounting, the AICPA is a key professional organization for CPAs, providing resources, training, and guidance that are relevant to government accountants.
• Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM) – Offered by the Association of Government Accountants (AGA), this certification is specifically tailored for government financial professionals. To earn the CFGM credential, candidates must pass three exams covering government environment, government accounting, financial reporting, and budgeting.
• Certified Government Auditing Professional (CGAP) – Also offered by AGA, the CGAP certification focuses on government auditing and is designed for auditors in the public sector. The CGAP exam covers topics related to government auditing practices and standards.
• Certified Public Financial Officer (CPFO) – Offered by the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA), the CPFO program is a broad educational program designed to verify knowledge in government finance disciplines, including budgeting, accounting, and financial reporting.
• Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) – The CIA certification, offered by the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), is valuable for government accountants involved in internal auditing. The CIA exam covers topics such as internal audit principles, standards, and practices, as well as risk management and control frameworks.
• Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE) – Offered by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), the CFE certification is useful for government accountants involved in detecting and preventing fraud. Certification candidates must pass the CFE exam, which covers fraud prevention, detection, and investigation techniques.
• Certified Management Accountant (CMA) – The CMA certification, offered by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA), is valuable for government accountants focusing on management accounting and financial management. The CMA exam covers financial planning, performance, and control, as well as management decision-making.
• Certified in Risk and Information Systems Control (CRISC) – Offered by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), the CRISC certification is useful for government accountants involved in risk management and information systems control. The CRISC exam covers risk identification, assessment, response, and control.
• Association of Local Government Auditors (ALGA) – ALGA focuses on local government auditing and provides resources, training, and networking opportunities for auditors working in local government.

Continuing Education and Professional Development
Stay updated on changes in laws, regulations, accounting standards, and government policies through continuing education, seminars, and workshops. Active membership in professional organizations can provide access to resources and networking opportunities.

Government accountants are often required to engage in continuing education to effectively carry out their responsibilities and maintain professional certifications.